聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是一種使用量僅次于聚乙烯的芳香族聚酯材料,全球生產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到7000萬(wàn)噸。PET化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定,在自然環(huán)境中不易降解,是白色污染的主要來(lái)源之一,更為嚴(yán)重的是,PET在物理磨損、高溫和紫外線輻射等作用下會(huì)形成微塑料進(jìn)入土壤、水體和大氣,帶來(lái)更大的危害。此外,根據(jù)美國(guó)塑料回收協(xié)會(huì)2020年的統(tǒng)計(jì),生產(chǎn)1公斤原生PET樹(shù)脂大約需要排放2.23公斤二氧化碳,全球每年生產(chǎn)PET的碳排放超過(guò)了1億7000萬(wàn)噸。發(fā)展PET的高效回收利用技術(shù),不僅可以緩解PET的白色污染問(wèn)題,減少PET微塑料的危害,還能夠切實(shí)降低碳排放。然而,當(dāng)前PET的回收利用技術(shù)受限于較低的附加值或較小的產(chǎn)品規(guī)模,很難兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境效益,不具備可持續(xù)性。PET被廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)服裝,飲料瓶,包裝袋,醫(yī)療器械等與人體密切接觸的產(chǎn)品,開(kāi)發(fā)具有抗菌功能的PET,有助于阻斷細(xì)菌的傳播,降低細(xì)菌感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),能夠獲得大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,并大幅提升PET產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。目前工業(yè)上制備抗菌PET的主要方法是與大量的金屬基抗菌劑混合,這導(dǎo)致了生物毒性和非持久性抗菌活性。此外,高效殺菌的有機(jī)抗菌劑普遍熱穩(wěn)定性差,很難應(yīng)用于抗菌PET的制備。
Figure 1. Development of a highly thermally stable monomer for upcycling PET waste to produce an antibacterial product by means of an SSR.
Figure 2. Properties of the various antibacterial monomers. (A) Thermal and antibacterial properties of [C8–C16][SIPA]. (B) Bacterial colony photos of E.coil and S.aureus incubated with various concentrations of the different antibacterial agents.
Figure 3. The described approach to the upcycling of PET. (A) The use of a catalytic amount of an antibacterial monomer enables the low-cost upcycling of plastic bottles. (B) 1H NMR spectra of the obtained product and that of the material from a PET bottle. (C) MALDI-TOF-MS results for the product obtained from the model reaction.
Figure 4. Antibacterial and thermal properties of the recycled PET. (A) Photographic images of the drop-plate experiments for the obtained products against S. aureus and E. coli. (B) SEM morphologies of E. coli and S. aureus on the PET surface. The lower images show enlargements of the rectangular areas indicated in the upper images. Lower scale bars = 2 μm, upper scale bars = 10 μm. (C) TGA curves. (D) DSC curves.
論文鏈接:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202210758
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